Beyond the staff,alternate lines and spaces.

Short ledger lines mark notes outside the staff. The sequence of note names continues beyond the five lines.

See where notes sit on the staff

Start at the top or bottom staff line and follow space, ledger line, space. Counting only lines skips notes, so include every space.

In treble clef, the first ledger lines are C4 below and A5 above. In bass clef, they are C4 above and E2 below. Always read the clef too.

These examples use notes without sharps or flats.

Treble, first line below: C4. From E on the bottom staff line, descend through D to C.

Treble, second line below: A3. From C4, descend through B3 to A3.

Treble, first line above: A5. From F on the top line, ascend through G to A.

Treble, second line above: C6. From A5, ascend through B5 to C6.

Bass, first line above: C4. Use middle C as your reference.

Bass, first line below: E2. From G on the bottom line, descend through F to E.

Check the practice options before starting. Your usual settings stay the same.